AKTU Python Programming Question Paper 2024

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

squares = [x * x for x in numbers]

print(squares)

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

print(17 / 5)
print(17 // 5)

3.4
3

def count(s):
    for str in string.split():
        s = "&".join(str)

    return s

print(count("Python is fun to learn."))

NameError: name 'string' is not defined

# library.py

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

# main.py

import library

print(library.add(10, 20))

import numpy as np

print(np.linspace(0, 10, 5))

print(np.arange(0, 10, 2))

[ 0.   2.5  5.   7.5 10. ]
[0 2 4 6 8]

x = ['12', 'hello', 456]

x[0] *= 3

x[1][1] = 'bye'

x[1][1] = 'bye'

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

SECTION C

Q3. Attempt any one part of the following.

Q3(a). Determine a Python function removenth(s,n) that takes an input a string and an integer n >= 0 and removes a character at index n. If n is beyond the length of s, then whole s is returned.

Answer: The function checks whether the given index is within the valid range of the string. If the index is valid, the character at that position is removed using string slicing. If the index is beyond the length of the string, the original string is returned.

def removenth(s, n):

    if n < 0 or n >= len(s):
        return s

    return s[:n] + s[n + 1:]


print(removenth("MANGO", 1))
print(removenth("MANGO", 3))

MNGO
MANO

For n = 1, the character A is removed from MANGO. For n = 3, the character G is removed.

Q3(b). Construct a program that accepts a comma separated sequence of words as input and prints the words in a comma-separated sequence after sorting them alphabetically.

Answer: The input is first divided into individual words using split(","). The words are then sorted using the sort() method and joined again using commas.

words = input("Enter words: ").split(",")

words = [word.strip() for word in words]

words.sort()

print(", ".join(words))

For the given input:

The output will be:

Q4. Attempt any one part of the following.

Q4(a). A website requires the users to input username and password to register. Construct a program to check the validity of password input by users.

Answer: The password must satisfy all the conditions given in the question:

1. At least one lowercase letter between [a-z].
2. At least one number between [0-9].
3. At least one uppercase letter between [A-Z].
4. At least one character from [$#@].
5. Minimum length must be 6.
6. Maximum length must be 12.

Regular expressions can be used to check these conditions. The program accepts comma-separated passwords and prints only the valid passwords.

import re

passwords = input("Enter passwords: ").split(",")

valid_passwords = []

for password in passwords:

    password = password.strip()

    if (6 <= len(password) <= 12
        and re.search(r"[a-z]", password)
        and re.search(r"[0-9]", password)
        and re.search(r"[A-Z]", password)
        and re.search(r"[$#@]", password)):

        valid_passwords.append(password)


print(",".join(valid_passwords))

The re.search() function checks whether the required lowercase letter, digit, uppercase letter and special character are present.

Q4(b). Explore the working of while, and for loop with examples.

Answer: Loops are used to execute a block of statements repeatedly. Python mainly provides for and while loops.

1. while loop: A while loop executes its statements repeatedly as long as its condition is true.

i = 1

while i <= 5:

    print(i)

    i += 1

1
2
3
4
5

2. for loop: A for loop is used to iterate over a sequence or a range of values.

for i in range(1, 6):

    print(i)

1
2
3
4
5

Thus, a while loop is generally condition-controlled, whereas a for loop is commonly used for iterating over a sequence or range.

Q5. Attempt any one part of the following.

Q5(a). Construct a function ret_smaller(l) that returns smallest list from a nested list. If two lists have same length then return the first list that is encountered.

Answer: The length of each list in the nested list is compared. The first list is initially considered the smallest. It is replaced only when a list having a smaller length is found.

def ret_smaller(l):

    smallest = l[0]

    for item in l[1:]:

        if len(item) < len(smallest):
            smallest = item

    return smallest


print(ret_smaller([
    [-2, -1, 0, 0.12, 1, 2],
    [3, 4, 5],
    [6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
    [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
]))

[3, 4, 5]

For the second example given in the question:

print(ret_smaller([
    [-2, -1, 0, 0.12, 1, 2],
    ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 3, 4, 5],
    [6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
    [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
]))

[6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

If two lists have the same length, the function does not replace the first list because the comparison uses <. Therefore, the first encountered list is retained.

Q5(b). Construct following filters.

1. Filter all the numbers.
2. Filter all the strings starting with a vowel.
3. Filter all the strings that contains any of the following noun: Agra, Ramesh, Tomato, Patna.

Answer: The following program applies the required filters to a list of data items.

data = [
    "123",
    "Agra",
    "apple",
    "Ramesh",
    "Tomato",
    "Patna",
    "Delhi",
    "45"
]


numbers = []

vowel_strings = []

specified_strings = []


for item in data:

    text = str(item)


    # Filter numbers

    if text.isdigit():
        numbers.append(item)


    # Strings starting with a vowel

    if text and text[0].lower() in "aeiou":
        vowel_strings.append(item)


    # Specified words

    if any(word.lower() in text.lower()
           for word in ["Agra", "Ramesh",
                        "Tomato", "Patna"]):

        specified_strings.append(item)


print("Numbers:", numbers)

print("Strings starting with vowel:",
      vowel_strings)

print("Specified strings:",
      specified_strings)

The program separately stores the numbers, strings beginning with a vowel and strings containing any of the specified words.

Q6. Attempt any one part of the following.

Q6(a). Change all the numbers in the file to text. Construct a program for the same.

Answer: The numbers present in a text file can be identified using a regular expression. Each digit can then be replaced by its corresponding English word.

import re


number_words = {
    "0": "zero",
    "1": "one",
    "2": "two",
    "3": "three",
    "4": "four",
    "5": "five",
    "6": "six",
    "7": "seven",
    "8": "eight",
    "9": "nine"
}


with open("input.txt", "r") as file:

    text = file.read()


def replace_number(match):

    number = match.group()

    return " ".join(number_words[digit]
                    for digit in number)


text = re.sub(r"\d+", replace_number, text)


with open("output.txt", "w") as file:

    file.write(text)


print(text)

For example, the number 10 will be converted into:

Q6(b). Construct a program which accepts a sequence of words separated by whitespace as file input. Print the words composed of digits only.

Answer: The file is read and divided into words using the split() method. The isdigit() method is then used to identify words containing digits only.

with open("input.txt", "r") as file:

    words = file.read().split()


for word in words:

    if word.isdigit():

        print(word)

For example, if the file contains:

Python 123 programming 456
BTech 789

The output will be:

123
456
789

Q7. Attempt any one part of the following.

Q7(a). Construct a program to read cities.csv dataset, remove last column and save it in an array. Save the last column to another array. Plot the first two columns.

Answer: The CSV file can be read using Pandas. The last column is separated and the remaining columns are stored in another array. The first two columns are then plotted using Matplotlib.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


data = pd.read_csv("cities.csv")


# Remove and save the last column

main_data = data.iloc[:, :-1].to_numpy()

last_column = data.iloc[:, -1].to_numpy()


print("Main Array:")
print(main_data)

print("Last Column:")
print(last_column)


# Plot first two columns

plt.scatter(
    main_data[:, 0],
    main_data[:, 1]
)

plt.xlabel(data.columns[0])

plt.ylabel(data.columns[1])

plt.title("First Two Columns")

plt.show()

Here, main_data contains all columns except the last column, while last_column contains the last column. The first two columns of main_data are plotted using a scatter plot.

Q7(b). Design a calculator with the following buttons and functionalities like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and clear.

Answer: A graphical calculator can be developed using the Tkinter library. An Entry widget is used to display the expression and buttons are provided for numbers and arithmetic operations.

import tkinter as tk


def click(value):

    entry.insert(tk.END, value)


def calculate():

    try:

        result = eval(entry.get())

        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

        entry.insert(0, result)

    except:

        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

        entry.insert(0, "Error")


def clear():

    entry.delete(0, tk.END)


root = tk.Tk()

root.title("Calculator")


entry = tk.Entry(
    root,
    width=25,
    font=("Arial", 16)
)

entry.grid(
    row=0,
    column=0,
    columnspan=4,
    padx=10,
    pady=10
)


buttons = [

    ("7", 1, 0),
    ("8", 1, 1),
    ("9", 1, 2),
    ("/", 1, 3),

    ("4", 2, 0),
    ("5", 2, 1),
    ("6", 2, 2),
    ("*", 2, 3),

    ("1", 3, 0),
    ("2", 3, 1),
    ("3", 3, 2),
    ("-", 3, 3),

    ("0", 4, 0),
    (".", 4, 1),
    ("+", 4, 2)
]


for text, row, column in buttons:

    tk.Button(
        root,
        text=text,
        width=5,
        command=lambda x=text: click(x)
    ).grid(
        row=row,
        column=column,
        padx=3,
        pady=3
    )


tk.Button(
    root,
    text="=",
    width=5,
    command=calculate
).grid(
    row=4,
    column=3,
    padx=3,
    pady=3
)


tk.Button(
    root,
    text="Clear",
    width=23,
    command=clear
).grid(
    row=5,
    column=0,
    columnspan=4,
    padx=3,
    pady=5
)


root.mainloop()

The program creates a calculator window with buttons for numbers, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, equals and clear. The click() function inserts the selected value into the Entry widget, while calculate() performs the calculation and clear() removes the current expression.

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