What is data structure ? Point out at least two data structure that you have used. Support your answers with example.
A Data Structure is a way of organizing, storing, and managing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and modified efficiently.
It helps in:
- Storing data systematically
- Performing operations like insertion, deletion, searching, and sorting
- Improving program performance
A data structure decides how data is arranged in memory.
Two Data Structures I Have Used (With Examples)
1. Array
An Array is a linear data structure that stores elements of the same type in continuous memory locations.
Here:
- marks[0] = 85
- marks[3] = 92
Where it is used:
- Storing student marks
- Storing list of numbers
- Performing sorting and searching
Advantage: Fast access using index number.
Limitation: Fixed size.
2. Linked List
A Linked List is a linear data structure where elements (nodes) are connected using pointers. Each node contains:
- Data
- Address of next node
Example:
Suppose we store numbers:
10 → 20 → 30
Each element points to the next element.
Where it is used:
- Implementing stacks and queues
- Memory management
- Dynamic data storage
Advantage: Dynamic size (can grow or shrink).
Limitation: No direct index access.