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JavaScript Math Object


The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.


The Math Object

The Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks.

The Math object includes several mathematical methods.


One common use of the Math object is to create a random number:

Example

Math.random();       // returns a random number
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Note  Math has no constructor. No methods have to create a Math object first.


Math.min() and Math.max()

Math.min() and Math.max() can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments:

Example

Math.min(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200);      // returns -200
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Example

Math.max(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200);      // returns 150
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Math.random()

Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (inclusive),  and 1 (exclusive):

Example

Math.random();              // returns a random number
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Note Math.random() always returns a number lower than 1.

Math.round()

Math.round() rounds a number to the nearest integer:

Example

Math.round(4.7);            // returns 5
Math.round(4.4);            // returns 4
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Math.ceil()

Math.ceil() rounds a number up to the nearest integer:

Example

Math.ceil(4.4);             // returns 5
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Math.floor()

Math.floor() rounds a number down to the nearest integer:

Example

Math.floor(4.7);            // returns 4
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Math.floor() and Math.random() can be used together to return a random number between 0 and 10:

Example

Math.floor(Math.random() * 11);   // returns a random number between 0 and 10
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Math Constants

JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed with the Math object:

Example

Math.E          // returns Euler's number
Math.PI         // returns PI
Math.SQRT2      // returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2    // returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2        // returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10       // returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E      // returns base 2 logarithm of E
Math.LOG10E     // returns base 10 logarithm of E
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Math Object Methods

Method Description
abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x
acos(x) Returns the arccosine of x, in radians
asin(x) Returns the arcsine of x, in radians
atan(x) Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians
atan2(y,x) Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments
ceil(x) Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest integer
cos(x) Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians)
exp(x) Returns the value of Ex
floor(x) Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest integer
log(x) Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x
max(x,y,z,...,n) Returns the number with the highest value
min(x,y,z,...,n) Returns the number with the lowest value
pow(x,y) Returns the value of x to the power of y
random() Returns a random number between 0 and 1
round(x) Rounds x to the nearest integer
sin(x) Returns the sine of x (x is in radians)
sqrt(x) Returns the square root of x
tan(x) Returns the tangent of an angle

Complete Math Reference

For a complete reference, go to our complete Math object reference.

The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.


Test Yourself with Exercises!

Exercise 1 »   Exercise 2 »   Exercise 3 »   Exercise 4 »